Cleveland Architect Robert Madison's Memoir Shows How He Designed Victory Over Racism

Clevelander Robert Madison got his marching orders when he was six — his mother told him he should become an architect.  Three decades later, he became the first African American architect in Ohio.  But, that achievement came after a hard-fought struggle against cultural forces working to keep people of color out of the profession.  Madison’s new memoir, “ Designing Victory,” co-written with Carlo Wolff, traces the struggle from segregated water fountains in the Jim Crow South up through building a U.S embassy in Senegal.

The young Madison brothers: Julian, Bernard, Stanley, and Robert  [photo: Madison family] 

Madison recalled one of his first encounters with racism came during a 1936 visit to see relatives in Alabama with his younger brother, Julian.  One day, their grandmother Julia took the boys on a shoe-shopping expedition at a downtown Mobile department store.  While waiting for Julian to get fitted, Robert wandered off in search of some water. 

“And I started walking towards the fountain,” he said.  “And all of the sudden, I heard my grandmother screaming, ‘Bobby, stop, stop, stop!’  And people started running towards me.  I was about to start drinking from the fountain marked: White.”

Madison said he’d never seen his grandmother so frightened.  Looking back from an adult’s perspective, he added it wasn’t a matter of such Jim Crow segregation being fair or unfair. “It was reality,” he said.

The early seeds of his architecture career were planted by Madison’s mother, Nettie, who praised a drawing that he did as a boy. 

“My mother saw this drawing, and she said: ‘You know, you’re going to be an architect,’” he said, adding that the concept left him feeling a bit nonplussed. “I couldn’t spell architecture, at that time.”

But, that motherly admonition set him on a long path to make her dream come true. That path forced him to face many forms of racism over the years, including segregated troop assignments in the Army, during World War II, and a particularly obstinate college administrator who cautioned him against using his G.I. Bill benefits to study architecture. 

Robert Madison and two other U.S. service members in Swiss Alps after Wold War II  [Photo: Madison family]

“'No, you can’t enter the school here,'” Madison said, recalling the words of the dean of the Western Reserve University School of Architecture. “‘We have never had a colored boy finish this school and I doubt we ever will.’”

Madison stormed back home and put on his army uniform, decorated with a Purple Heart medallion and several battle ribbons. He then returned to campus but this time visiting the Dean of Admissions.  

“I said, ‘you know, my blood is on the soil of Italy, fighting to keep this country free and safe for democracy!’”

Madison was soon admitted to the school where he would go on to earn his graduate degree.

Direct racism served as a roadblock many times in Robert Madison’s life, but sometimes all it took was the anticipation of discrimination.  He found that out during the course of a short romantic relationship with an aspiring opera singer named Coretta Scott from Antioch College.  They were engaged to be married, but then reality set in.

“We started talking about the fact that she’s black and she’s going to try to sing in the opera, and I’m going to be an architect,” he said. “These are two professions that black people are not historically involved in. How is that going to work?”

Robert and Leatrice Madison, with daughters Juliette and Jeanne, circa 1963  [Photo: Madison family]

The two decided to go their separate ways.  Scott would eventually marry an up-and-coming minister named Martin Luther King, Jr., and Madison found his life-long love in Leatrice Branch. They were married for 62 years, until her death in 2012.

The Medical Associates Building was built in Glenville for doctors of color in 1960.  More recently it's been transformed intoi a community arts center, also known as the Madison Building  [Illustration: Ron Hill]

Robert Madison’s career as an architect lasted six decades, as well.  He’s designed buildings in Northeast Ohio, across the country and around the world.  His challenges and victories when facing discrimination have often mirrored America’s racial history.  In the early 1960s, he built offices in Cleveland for medical professionals who weren’t allowed to practice in some area hospitals. In 1977, the Madison-designed U.S. embassy opened for business in Dakar, Senegal, once a shipping port for the slave trade.  That moment had particular poignancy for Madison, the great-grandson of a slave. 

U.S. embassy in Dakar, Senegal [Illustration: Ron Hill]

“To see that area … where my ancestors probably came from was very dramatic for me,” he said.

The 96-year-old Madison hopes his career can serve as an inspiration for young people and demonstrate that sports aren’t the only option for a successful career. 

“You see, I go to a lot of schools and all these kids can talk about is LeBron James and all the athletes,” he said.  “Their jerseys will be hung from the rafters.  My name will be cut in stone.”

Robert P. Madison reitred in 2016 after a six-decade career [Photo: Act3]